A: An opioid overdose occurs when a person takes too much of an opioid—prescription or illicit—causing slowed or stopped breathing, unconsciousness, limp body, gurgling sounds, cold or clammy skin, and pinpoint pupils. Without immediate intervention, it can be fatal.

A: Key signs include: very small pupils, slow or shallow breathing, unconsciousness or inability to awaken, limp arms or legs, pale or bluish skin, and vomiting or gurgling noises.

A:

1. Call 911 immediately.
2. Administer naloxone if available.
3. Support breathing (e.g., rescue breaths or CPR if trained).
4. Stay with the person until emergency help arrives (at least 4 hours).

A. Naloxone is a safe, opioid antagonist that reverses overdoses by quickly restoring normal breathing. It blocks opioid receptors and works within 2 to 3 minutes.

Two FDA-approved forms: nasal spray and injectable (auto-injector or vial/syringe).

First over-the-counter nasal spray approved by FDA in March 2023; injectable also available.

A: Anyone can purchase and carry naloxone—no prescription needed in most states. Florida’s Good Samaritan Law protects those who administer naloxone from criminal charges if they are acting in good faith and the individual that they are helping is not objecting.

Nasal spray: One puff into one nostril; wait 2–3 minutes; administer a second dose if no response.

Injectable: Inject into thigh, upper arm, or buttock; same wait-and-repeat if necessary.

Always call 911 first and remain with the person until help arrives.

A: Strong opioids like fentanyl may require multiple doses—administer one and wait 2–3 minutes before repeating.

A: Yes—it has no effects if no opioids are present. In opioid-dependent individuals, it can cause temporary withdrawal symptoms, but it doesn’t harm.

Available over the counter at pharmacies nationwide. Cost varies—insurance may cover it.

Many health departments and community groups distribute it for free or low cost. See the Naloxone Locator.